![]() ![]() An autoimmune disease occurs when a person’s immune system produces antibodies that attack the body’s own tissues or organs and slowly destroys them. 80% of cases of primary adrenal insufficiency in developed countries are caused by autoimmune adrenalitis, also called Addison’s disease. Prevalence is the actual number of cases during a period or at a particular date in time.Īpprox. ![]() Incidence is the rate of new (or newly diagnosed) cases of the disease within a period of time (e.g. Incidence and prevalence are commonly used terms in describing epidemiology of diseases. The difference between incidence and prevalence It occurs in all age groups and about equally in each sex. Primary adrenal insufficiency develops in about 4 of 100,000 persons annually (= incidence), and studies report between 82-144 cases per one million of the population (= prevalence). The failure to produce sufficient levels of cortisol can occur for different reasons. Depending on the underlying mechanism, the problem may be due to a disorder of the adrenal glands themselves (primary adrenal insufficiency or PAI), inadequate secretion of ACTH by the pituitary gland (secondary adrenal insufficiency or SAI) or impaired production or action of CRH from the hypothalamus (tertiary adrenal insufficiency or TAI).
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